Pterygium, or “surfer’s eye,” is a non-cancerous growth of the conjunctiva, often linked to sun, wind or dust exposure. Although it commonly affects those in outdoor environments, anyone can develop it. This pinkish, triangular tissue can spread from the sclera to the cornea, potentially causing discomfort or vision issues. While mostly harmless, understanding its causes, symptoms, and treatment options helps in managing the condition.
What is Pterygium?
Pterygium is an eye growth that begins in the conjunctiva and may spread to the cornea, causing vision problems if untreated. It commonly affects adults who spend time outdoors in sunny, windy, or dusty conditions. Though usually harmless, it can alter the cornea’s shape and lead to astigmatism. In some cases, it also causes cosmetic changes.
Causes of Pterygium
- UV Light Exposure: Prolonged UV exposure is a key factor in pterygium development, particularly for those frequently outdoors in sunny climates. UV radiation damages conjunctival cells, leading to abnormal growth. People in tropical areas face a heightened risk.
- Environmental Irritants: Constant exposure to wind, dust, sand, and smoke can irritate the eyes, increasing the chances of pterygium development. Outdoor workers like farmers, construction workers, and fishermen may be at higher risk due to consistent exposure to these environmental factors.
- Genetic Predisposition: Some studies suggest that pterygium could be hereditary, meaning individuals with a family history of pterygium might be more susceptible to developing it themselves.
- Dry Eyes: Those with dry eyes may also be at greater risk of pterygium, as dryness can increase the sensitivity of the conjunctiva, making it more susceptible to external irritants.
Symptoms of Pterygium
- Redness and Irritation: The growth can cause redness and inflammation, leading to a gritty feeling in the eye. This is often accompanied by a mild itching sensation, particularly when the pterygium is actively growing.
- Foreign Body Sensation: Many individuals feel as if there is something in their eye, which can be bothersome and may interfere with eye movement.
- Blurred or Distorted Vision: When pterygium grows onto the cornea, it can cause vision distortions such as astigmatism. If the growth covers the central cornea, it can significantly impact vision clarity.
- Increased Dryness: A pterygium can disrupt the natural tear film on the eye’s surface, leading to further dryness and irritation.
Risk Factors for Pterygium
- High UV Exposure: Those who spend extended periods outside, especially without proper eye protection, are at greater risk. UV rays can damage the conjunctiva and lead to abnormal tissue growth.
- Living in Dry, Windy Conditions: Residents of dry, dusty areas or people frequently exposed to wind and airborne particles are at higher risk of developing pterygium.
- Age and Family History: The risk of pterygium increases with age, and having a family history may also contribute to the likelihood of developing this condition.
- Occupational Factors: Outdoor workers, such as those in agriculture, construction, or fishing, are more exposed to elements that contribute to pterygium.
Diagnosis of Pterygium
A pterygium diagnosis involves a thorough eye exam, often using a slit-lamp microscope to assess the growth’s size and impact on vision. This helps determine whether treatment is needed or if the condition can be monitored. The eye care professional evaluates its severity during the exam.
Treatment Options for Pterygium
- Observation: For mild cases, especially those without significant symptoms, regular monitoring is often recommended. The eye specialist may suggest check-ups to observe the growth over time.
- Lubricating Eye Drops: Artificial tears or lubricating drops can alleviate symptoms such as dryness and irritation. While they don’t halt the growth, they can provide comfort and reduce irritation.
- Prescription Eye Drops: Anti-inflammatory or steroid eye drops may be prescribed for more severe symptoms. These drops help reduce inflammation but are usually a temporary solution.
- Surgical Removal: If pterygium affects vision, causes discomfort, or alters appearance, surgery may be needed. The procedure involves removing the growth and possibly using a graft to prevent recurrence. While generally safe, there’s a small risk of pterygium returning.
- Preventative Measures Post-Surgery: After surgery, patients may be advised to wear sunglasses, avoid environmental irritants, and use lubricating eye drops to prevent recurrence.
Preventing Pterygium
- Wear Sunglasses: Protecting your eyes from UV rays by wearing sunglasses with 100% UVA and UVB protection, especially during peak sun hours, is crucial. Wraparound sunglasses are especially helpful as they protect the eyes from both direct and peripheral UV exposure.
- Use Protective Eyewear in Windy or Dusty Areas: Protective goggles or glasses can shield the eyes from wind, dust, and sand, reducing irritation and the risk of pterygium.
- Keep Eyes Moisturized: Regularly using lubricating drops can help prevent dryness and keep the eye’s surface comfortable.
- Limit Sun Exposure: Avoid prolonged exposure to the sun, especially during midday when UV rays are strongest.
Conclusion
Pterygium, or surfer’s eye, is caused by environmental factors like UV exposure and irritants. While usually benign, it may require treatment if it affects vision or causes discomfort. Protective measures, such as sunglasses and lubricating drops, can help prevent it. Consulting an eye specialist is important for managing symptoms and maintaining eye health.
Contact Sattva Eye Care
Whether you need a routine check-up, consultation for a specific eye condition, or advanced surgical procedures, Sattva Eye Care offers comprehensive solutions to cater to all your eye care needs. Known as one of the best eye hospitals in Nava Vadaj and Ahmedabad, Sattva Eye Care provides exceptional care. Contact us at +91 8070840708 to learn more about our services and how we can assist you on your journey to healthy eyes.